Fruit marking machine



Feb. 16, 1943. H. JQM E AL 2,311,563

FRUIT MARKING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet l \D I 5 mHara/aJ. Mum/77a Zenas [eonard BYCDMAW/ ATTGRNEYY Feb. 16,1943. H, J,MUMMA ETAL 2,311,563

FRUIT MARKING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1940 e Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE E;

INVENTOR5 Hare/d J. Mumma BY Zena: Zeonard ATTORNEY Feb. 16, 1943. H. J.MOMMA rrAL 2,311,563

FRUIT MARKING MACHINE File d Sept. 16, 1940 s Sheets-ShetA INVENTORSHarv/0 J. Mum/77a BY Z'ena'i lonard ATTORNEY Feb. 16, 1943. H. J. MUMMAETA L 2,311,563

FRUIT MARKING MACHINE v Filed Sept. 16, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORSHam/d J. Mumma BY Zena; Z eonard.

ATTORNEY 1943- H. J. MUMMA ETAL FRUIT MARKING MACHINE s Sheets-Sheet 6Filed Sept. 16. 19 10 F'LIJIS "7 1=*1|3 E INVENTORS Harv/a J. Mum/71a BYZenas Zea/73rd ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 16, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE FRUIT MARKING MACHINE Harold J. Mumma, Glendale, and ZenasLeonard, Burbank, Calif.

12 Claims.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus of marking fruit andsimilar articles with desired indicia such as trade names, brands or thelike, and is concerned more particularly with the provision of animproved method and apparatus for marking fruit without the applicationof injurious pressure or force to the fruit.

It is a general object of the invention, therefore, to provide animproved method and apparatus for marking fruit.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method andapparatus of marking fruit whereby a spray application of the desiredindicia is effected.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method andapparatus for marking fruit whereby a large volume of fruit can behandled in a given length of time While applying the desired indicia tothe fruit in a simple and economical manner without injury to the fruit.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus andmethod of marking fruit whereby the desired indicia is spray stencilledon the fruit by the use of a hot marking ink which is solid at normalatmospheric temperatures so that when the hot spray contacts the fruitit is immediately cooled and hardened.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description of a preferred embodiment of a machine forcarrying out the method as illustrated in the accompanying drawings,wherein Figure 1 is an elevational view of the discharge or rear side ofthe marking machine;

Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the machine taken from the leftside of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an end elevational view taken from the right side of Figure1;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view partially in elevation, the viewbeing taken in the plane of the line 4-4 in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a sectional plan view of the machine partly broken away, theview being taken as indicated by the line 5-5 in Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken in the plane indicated bythe line 66 in Figure 3;

Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating the relation of oneof the spraying heads to the cooperating stencil and a piece of fruitwhich is being marked. The view is taken generally in a plane at a rightangle to the plane of Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary enlarged view similar to Figure 4 illustratingthe relation of one of the spray heads to its cooperating stencil.

Generally, the apparatus and method of my invention is designed to applythe desired indicia, such as a trade or brand name, by means of spraystencilling. In this way, the desired indicia can be applied in a gentlemanner without injury to the fruit such as would occur with ordinary diepressure marking methods.

It is preferred to employ a marking medium such as a marking ink whichis solid at ordinary atmospheric temperatures to make a sprayapplication of the ink while it is hot and in a liquid state so that theink will'immediately cool and harden upon contact with the fruit beingmarked. To make a clear and distinct marking, it is desirable tointerpose a marking stencil between the spray head and the fruit, sothat the spray passing through the stencil will be in a designcorresponding to the desired indicia. With certain types of fruit, asfor example, melons and similar rollable fruit, it is preferred to rollthe fruit past one side of the stencil and to cause the spray head totravel synchronously along the opposite side.

Referring to Figures 1 to 5, a preferred machine for carrying out ourmethod i disclosed, such machine including means for feeding a plurality of rows of fruit past a series of marking stations extendingtransversely with respect to the direction of travel of the rows offruit. Beneath each marking station, a spray head is arranged for travelin the direction parallel to the rows of fruit and for synchronousmovement therewith whereby as the fruit is rolled past the stencil thespray traveling underneath the stencil at the same rate of speedprojects the marking ink through the stencil onto the fruit in an even,accurate design.

The machine includes a frame I!) (Figures 1 to 4) including respectiveend standards H and 12 which are suitably connected by base angles I3,cross angle [4, and respective tie rods 16 and H, to provide a rigidframe construction,

Extending between the end standards H and I2 (Figures 2 to 5) is astencil frame 2| of inverted U-shaped cross section and positioned abovea tank 22 which has its upstanding side walls spaced outwardly from andin vertical overlapping relation with respect to the side walls of thestencil frame 2| is detachably secured at its.

ends by means of bolts 2'! (Figure 3) to the respective end standards Hand |2.

The stencil frame 2| (Figure 5) carries a plurality of suitably setstencils 3| which extend transversely of the length of the frame 2| andare described more particularly hereinafter. Each of the stencils 3| isplaced at one of the fruit marking stations below a gap or slot 32formed between adjacent inclined fruit supporting plates 33 (Figures 4and 5) which are pivotally attached at one end on a transverse support--ing rod 34 and have their opposite curved ends resting on a cross shaft38 referred to hereinafter. As seen most clearly in Figures 4 and 5, theadjacent pair of plates 33 cooperating to form a slot 32 have theiradjacent edges bent down- 7 wardly as at 31 to form a fruit guidingtrough leading from a pair of adjacent fruit feeding and aligning rolls38 and 39 suitably secured on respective shafts 4| and 42. Rolls 38 and39 are provided with a series of arcuate grooves which are in alignmentwith the respective trough forming portions 31 of the fruit supportingplates 33 for feeding fruit thereto, as will be described hereinafter. 7

Rows of fruit may be fed by any suitable form of conveyor to the rolls38, 39 in alignment with the grooved portions thereof and betweenseparating rods 43 extending from frame angle M to tie rod to define thepaths of movement of the rows of fruit through the machine. Fruitfeeding means is provided to pick up the fruit from the rolls 38, 3'9and carry it over the plates 33 past the marking stations. In theembodiment shown, the fruit feeding means comprises a series of parallelbars or rollers 46 (Figures 1, 4, and 5) extending between respectivechain 41, 48 which are similarly mounted and driven. As seen in Figure4, chain 48 is trained about idler sprocket 5| on shaft 42, sprocket 52on shaft 36, driving sprocket 53 on shaft 54, and is also engaged byidler sprocket 58 suitably journaled on the frame. Chain 41 is similarlymounted.

Sprockets 53 (Figure 2) and shaft 54 are rotated in a clockwisedirection by means of sprocket 88 secured on shaft 54 and chain 8| fromdriving sprocket 82 on shaft 66. Shaft 66 which carries a large sprocket61 is driven through chain 68 from a sprocket 69 on drive shaft 1|.Drive shaft H carries a pulley 12 which is driven through belt 13 from asuitable pulley on the shaft 14 of motor 16.

From the above description, it is seen that the bars 46 carried by thechainv 41, 48 will pick up fruit on the rolls 38 and 39 and carry themover the plate 33 past the stencils 3|. The rolls 38 and 39 are drivento align and center the fruit before it is picked up and advanced by thefruit feeding means, the roll 39 rotating with its shaft 42 while theroll 38 is connected to the roll 39 for rotation in the same directionby means of a suitable chain and sprocket drive connection 82 (Figure5).

As seen most clearly in Figure 4, the upper traverse of the fruitfeeding bars 48 is along a path inclined upwardly from the horizontaland the feeding rolls 39 and 38 are spaced below the level of the plates33. Thus the rotation of the rolls 38 and 39 is not in itself sufficientto feed the fruit onto the plates 33 but merely serves to rotate thefruit as it is on the rolls to cause its longitudinal axis, if any, toalign itself with the axes of the rolls so that the fruit will be rolledalong its axis as it travels over the plate 33. Also the rolls 38, 39serve to center the fruit with reference to the adjacent plates 33 sothat it will r011 evenly along the plates over the cooperating slot 32therebetween.

In order to accurately control the travel of the fruit and its rotationover the plates 33, the fruit feeding means also includes a floatingfruit-engaging feeder for each row of fruit, in the form of belt 83(Figures 1 to 4) trained about drive roller 8? on transverse shaft 88and idler roll 89 and adjustably rotatably mounted at the end of an arm9| pivoted on shaft 88. Arm 9| adjustably supports idler roll 92 whichis spaced from the roll 89 and provides a stretch of the belt 88 spacedfrom and convergent with respect to the adjacent plates 33. In order tolimit the downward pcsition of the respective belts 86, each arm 9| haspivotally connected thereto an upwardly extending rod 93 having anadjustable rubber stop 94 adapted for engagement with aperturedtransverse angle 98 adjustably supported on the respective bracket arms91 from the end standards H and |2. By adjusting the positions of steps94 on their respective rods 93 the vertical position of belts 88 can beadjusted individually, while the adjustable mounting of angle 96provides for simultaneous adjustment of the belts.

The shaft 88 on which the driving rollers 81 are secured is suitablyjournaled on respective brackets 98 extending upwardly from endstandards H and I2 and carries a sprocket 99 (Figure 2) which is driventhrough chain |0| from sprocket I82 on shaft 63. Shaft 63 carries gearmeshing with gear 64 on shaft 88. Thus, the belts 88 which floatinglyengage the fruit as it is carried along by the feed bars 46 engage thefruit and cause it to roll along the plate 33 in timed relation to thetraverse of the bars 46 and also to the action of the spray headassociated therewith as will now be described.

As seen most clearly in Figures 4, 5, and 7, below each stencil 3| aspray head I08 is provided which is detachably mounted on a headcarryingbar I81 which extends the length of the tank 22 and is supported by endbrackets H38. Each bracket I08 (Figure 2) is suitably secured on abearing block I09 slidably engaged with a rod supported at its ends onthe tank 22. The bar I01 and spray heads I86, therefore, are mountedbelow the stencils 3| for back and forth sliding movement parallel tothe direction of travel of the fruit as will be described in detailhereinafter.

As seen in Figure '7, each spray head is detachably secured on the barI81 by means of suitable securing bolts I I6 so that its air and inkpassages are in registry with respective ink and air passages HT and N8of the bar I01 which are supplied in a manner latter described. In orderto heat the ink and air, between each pair of adjacent spray heads I06,a suitable electric heater element 9 may be provided.

The spray heads I86 are of conventionaldesign of the type known in thetrade as Crown spray head, model 22, No. 1. Each head includes a nozzlemember |2| (Figure 7 which is mounted on a base |22 and is opened orclosed by being rotated relative to the base. For this purpose, eachnozzle |2| is provided with a laterally projecting pin I23 (Figures 4and 5) which is adapted to cooperate with a fixed control pin I24 on oneside of tank 22 and a vertically ad- Justable control pin I28 on theother side of the tank. Each pin I28 is attached to a sliding block I21slidably mounted on a Wall of the tank 1 22 and urged to its upperposition by spring I28.

At its upper end, block I21 carries anupstanding pin I29 which isadapted for engagement with the end of a trip lever I30 pivoted on rod34 between the adjacent plates 33.

As seen in Figure 4, the trip I30 extends up into the trough formed bythe depressed portion 31. of the adjacent plates 33 so as to bedepressed by a piece of fruit traveling toward the marking station. Inthis way each pin I26 will be moved downwardly by the next piece offruit to be marked to its dotted line position shown in Figure 4 in thepath of the control pin I23 of the cooperating spray head I06. Thearrangement is such that as the fruit begins its travel over the stencil3|, the spray head will have started its return movement from the endposition where its pin I23 is engaged by the control pin. I26 to openthe nozzle. The nozzle will remain open until the spray head reaches theposition shown in Figure 4 (the end of its travel), where the fixed pinI24 engages the pin I23 and again closes the spray head. i

As seen in Figures and '1, each stencil 3| includes a cast frame I3Iwhich is secured in an aperture of the stencil frame 2I by means ofsuitable fastening bolts I32. The respective stencil plates I33, I34 ofeach stencil are suitably secured within the frame I3I by means ofsuitable spacers I36 in vertically aligned relation and with atransverse curvature struck from the focal center I31 of the spray. Therespective stencil plates I33 and I34 may be formed of metal in theusual fashion in making stencils with the exception that the lowerstencil I34 has a shorter dimension lengthwise of the letters of thestencil, corresponding to the desired arc of spray which is to betransmitted to the fruit. By providing the spaced apart stencil platesI33, I34, only straight traveling particles of marking ink are allowedto pass through both of the stencils, so that an accurate design ofsharp outline is applied to the fruit indicated at I38. The character ofthe spray from the nozzle I2I may be controlled in the usual fashion byangular adjustment of the nozzle tip.

Excess ink from the spray which drains back into the tank 22 ismaintained liquid by heating element I4I secured to the bottom of tank22. The ink drains down the inclined bottom wall of the tank 22 to asump I42 (Figures 1 and 4) formed at one end thereof. The sump I42 isalso supplied with suitable heating means to maintain the marking inkliquid therein. Liquid from the sump is applied to the sprayheads by apump I43 of conventional construction which has its plunger rod I44(Figures 1, 3, and 5) operated by a rocker arm I46 from a cam I41 onshaft 36. The discharge of the pump I43 is connected by a suitableflexible conduit I48 to the passage I I1 for ink in the spray head barI01, while the passage II8 for air is connected to a suitable source ofcompressed air by means of a flexible conduit I49 (Figure 5).

In order to provide for the back-and-forth movement of the spray headbar I01, the bar has its respective bearing blocks I09 (Figures 2 and 3)connected to double racks I5I. Each rack I5I (Figure 3) meshes withrespective gears I52, I53 secured on respective shafts I56 and I51.Journaled on shafts I56 and I 51 are respective sprockets I56, I59 whichare engaged by a common chain I6I meshing with a sprocket I62 0nd shaft66. Sprockets I58 and I59 are driven in the same direction and can beselectively connected to the adjacent gears I52 and I53 to drive therack I 5|, and thereby the spray head bar, back and forth in a timedrelation to the operation of the feeding means.

.The drive connection between the gears I52, I53 and their respectivesprockets I58 and I59 are similar in construction and operation, thegreater pitch diameter of the gear I53 serving to provide a fasterreturn for the rack I5I than the feed by the gear I52 during thespraying stroke of the heads.

Referring to Figure 6, the gear I52 which is fixed on the shaft I56 isdisposed in side-by-side relation with the sprocket I58 which isjournaled on the shaft between the gear I52 and clutch disc I66 alsofixed on the shaft. The sprocket I58 has a clutch recess I61 forengagement by clutch pin I68 carried by the clutch disc I66 andspringurged to clutching position by a spring I1 I. The outer end ofclutch pin I68 is provided with a flanged nut I12 which is engaged byone arm of a bell crank I13 pivoted at I14 on bracket I16 secured on theclutch disc. As seen in Figures 3 and 6, the projecting arm of bellcrank I13 is adapted for engagement by a fixed stop I11 adjustablysecured at I18 on a bracket I19. Gear I53 (Figure 3) and sprocket I59are similarly provided with a clutch disc I8I having a clutch pin I82controlled by a bell crank I83 adapted for engagement by stop pin I 84.

In the position shown in Figures 3 and 6, the bell crank I13 is justengaging the stop I11 so it will be rocked to the dotted line positionshown in Figure 6 to withdraw the pin I68 from its recess I61 in thesprocket and interrupt the drive from the sprocket I58 through clutchdisc I66 and the shaft to gear I52, so that the drive from gear I52 tothe rack I5I is interrupted at the end of the praying stroke of the barI01, as shown in Figure 3. At about this time the recess in sprocket I59corresponding to recess I61 in the sprocket I58 is aligned with the pinI82 so that this pin snaps into place under the urgency of its spring.Thus the sprocket I59 becomes effective to drive disc I8I, shaft I51 andgear I53 and return the rack I 5I to the right from the position shownin Figure 3. The spray head bar is thereby returned as a preliminary toanother spraying stroke. This operation also serves through the rack I5Ito turn the gear I52 and clutch collar I66 in a clockwise direction fromthe position shown in Figure 3 during the time that the bell crank I83is traveling from the position shown in Figure 3 in a counterclockwisedirection to engage the pin I84. Immediately after the bell crank I03engages the stop #34 to withdraw the clutch pin I82 and to interrupt thedrive for the gear I53, sprocket I58 will have been rotated to align itsrecess I61 fwith p n I 8 so that this pin is seated and will drive thedisc I66 in a counterclockwise position until it reaches the positionshown in Figure 3, when the drive for the gear I53 will be enabled.

It is seen, therefore, that an alternatively enabled drive is providedto produce a back-andforth movement of the racks I5I and the sprayheads. This back-and-forth movement of the spray heads is in a timedrelation to the operation of the feed means so that the spray headsbecome efiective as the fruit starts rolling past the stencils 3| and ismaintained effective throughout their travel beyond the stencil, whenthe spray will be shut off and the spray carriage or bar will bereturned in a rapid manner to start back again with the next fruit to bemarked.

In operation, the sump 142 is provided with a supply of suitable markingink as, for example, an ink made up in the following proportions byweight beeswax12 parts; candelilla wax-42 parts; rosin-3 parts; coloringmatter2 parts; 138 to 140 parafiin6 parts. A marking ink of thischaracter will be liquid at about 180 F. but solid at ordinarytemperatures. The heating elements for the sump M2, the tank 22 and thespray head bar 581 are turned on so that the machine will reach adesirable temperature to maintain the ink liquid until it is projectedfrom the nozzle, for example, these parts should be heated to from 180F. to 250 F. Preferably, the air supplied to the spray head bar is alsoheated to a temperature say, in the neighborhood of 390 F., so that whenthe air is discharged from the nozzle, it will not cool sufficientlybefore reaching the fruit to cause hardening of the marking ink.

The machine is then put in operation with fruit such as melons andcantaloupe being fed to the respective grooves of the rollers 38 and 39where the turning of the rollers serves to align the fruit with itslongitudinal axis parallel to the axes of the rolls and in centeredrelation with respect to the stencils. Pieces of fruit are successivelypicked up by one of the bars and fed to the plates 33 which are spacedabove the adjacent stencils 3|. As the fruit passes over the trip E39,it moves the trip downwardly to position the pin I26 in the path of thepin I23 of the adjacent spray head so that as the fruit is passing overthe trip and the spray head reaches the end of its travel to the left asviewed in Figure the feed for the air and ink is turned on in the sprayhead. As the spray head starts to the right as viewed in Figure 4 andthe fruit is traveling in the same direction and at the same speed undercontrol of the adjacent bar 45, the spray is started directly under thecenter of the rolling fruit. At the end of the travel of the spray head,pin I23 engages the fixed stop E24 which shuts off the nozzle at the endof the spraying operation whiie the fruit is discharged from themachine.

Because of the provision of the spaced-apart stencil plates 1 34 andI33, shown in Figures 7, the fruit can travel through the machine at asubstantial distance above the stencil, while the spaced apart stencilsrestrict the spray which passes through to spray particles which aretraveling substantially straight and which will fall within anaccurately outlined reproduction of the design on the fruit. Thus thefruit can be marked clearly with a clear cut pattern without contactingthe stencil, so that the stencil need not be cleaned between successiveoperations. The stencil remains sufficiently hot or, if desired, can beheated, so that the excess ink thereon remains liquid and drains back tothe tank 22 and flows into the sump M2 for re-use.

The above cycle of operation is repeated as each successive piece offruit is picked up by one of the feed bars 46 and carried past a markingstation. Because of the continuous type of operation, and theadaptability of the construction to multiple row marking, a large numberof fruit can be marked in a short time at a small cost with aspray-applied brand name.

We claim:

1. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a stencil cut to the desired indicia, means forestablishing a spray marking ink including a spray head, means forcarrying said spray head repeatedly past one side of said stencil, andmeans for feeding fruit past the other side of said stencil in timedrelation to the movement of said spray head.

2. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a stencil cut to the desired indicia, means forestablishing a spray marking ink including a spray head, means forcarrying said spray head back and forth along said stencil, means forfeeding fruit past the other side of the stencil with the pieces offriut moving in timed relation to the back-and-forth movement of thespray head, and means for interrupting the operation of the spray headduring one direction of its travel along said stencil.

3. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a. stencil cut to the desired indicia, an adjustablespray head, means for carrying said spray head back and forth along saidstencil, means for feeding fruit past the other side of the stencil withthe pieces of fruit moving in timed relation to the back-and-forthmovement of the spray head, means disposed adjacent one end of the pathof back-and-forth movement of the spray head to adjust the spray head toopen condition, and means disposed adjacent the other end of said pathto adjust the spray head to closed condition.

4. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a stencil cut to the desired indicia, means forestablishing a spray marking ink including a spray head, means forcarrying said spray head back and forth past one side of said stencil,said carrying means including means for moving the spray head at a morerapid rate in one direction of its travel, and means for feeding fruitpast the other side of said stencil during the movement of said sprayhead in said other direction and at the same rate of travel as the sprayhead.

5. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a stencil cut to the desired indicia, means forestablishing a spray marking ink including a spray head, means forcarrying said spray head back and forth along one side of said stencil,a fixed stop at one end of the travel of said spray head for operatingsaid spray head to cut off the spray of marking ink therefrom, and anadjustable stop at the other end of said path of movement for operatingsaid spray head to initiate spraying of marking ink therefrom.

6. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a marking station on saidframe including a pair of parallel stencil plates both out to thedesired indicia a spray head disposed to spray marking ink through saidstencil plates, said stencil plates each having a curvature in onedirection which is concentric with the focal point of the spray fromsaid spray head and the stencil plate nearest the spray head having ashorter dimension of its indicia in the direction of said curvature, andmeans for supporting fruit at said marking station with said fruitspaced from the adjacent one of said stencil plates.

7. A fruit marking machine comprising a frame, a series of markingstations on said frame, each station including a stencil cut to thedesired indicia, a tank disposed below said marking station, a sprayhead bar mounted for back and forth movement within said tank, said barhaving a spray head thereon for each of said marking stations, means forsupplying marking ink and air under pressure to said bar, said barhaving passage means communicating with each of said spray heads, andindividual adjusting means for each of said spray heads mounted in saidtank, each of said adjusting means being responsive to the travel offruit along the associated marking station for rendering the associatedspray head operative.

8. A fruit marking machine having a frame, a series of marking stationson said frame, each station including a stencil cut to the desiredindicia, a spray head for each of said marking stations, and means forsupplying marking ink to said spray heads; means for feeding fruit tothe machine including a pair of aligning rolls for centering andpositioning the fruit ahead of said marking stations and conveying meansfor picking up fruit from said aligning rolls and carrying it past saidmarking stations.

9. A fruit marking machine having a frame, a series of marking stationson said frame, each station including a stencil cut to the desiredindicia, a spray head thereon for each of said mark ing stations, andmeans for supplying marking ink to said spray heads; means for feedingfruit to the machine including a pair of aligning rolls for centeringand positioning the fruit ahead of said marking stations and conveyingmeans for picking up fruit from said aligning rolls and carrying it pastsaid marking stations, said fruit feeding means also including afloating element adapted to be engaged by the fruit as it is carried bysaid feeding means and to thereafter assist in feeding and controllingthe fruit is traveling past said marking stations.

10. A method of marking articles such as fruit which includes the stepsof moving fruit along a path past one side of a stencil, establishing aspray of marking ink on the other side of the stencil, and moving thespray past the stencil synchronously with the passage of fruit past thestencil.

11. A method of marking articles such as fruit which includes the stepsof rolling fruit over a stencil, establishing an upwardly directed sprayof marking ink below the stencil, and moving the spray past the stencilsynchronously with the passage of fruit over the stencil.

12. A method of marking articles such as fruit which includes the stepsof carrying pieces of fruit in succession along a path past a stencil,and establishing successive sprays of marking ink directed through thestencil onto the fruit with each successive spray traveling along thestencil at the same speed as the fruit.

HAROLD J. MUMMA. ZENAS LEONARD.

